METODE KRITIK MATAN HADIS; DARI KLASIK HINGGA KONTEMPORER (STUDI KOMPARATIF PEMIKIRAN IBN AL-JAUZI DAN SALAHUDDIN AL-IDHLIBI)

Abstract

The study of the authenticity of hadith matn constitutes an important field of inquiry. Hadith scholars have agreed that, in determining the authenticity of a hadith, at least five aspects must be considered. Three of them relate to the sanad (chain of transmission), while the remaining two pertain to the matn (text) of the hadith. The study of syadz (irregularity) and ‘illat (hidden defects) within hadith matn has subsequently been manifested in various methods of matn criticism developed by scholars. Among them was Ibn al-Jauzi, who lived in the 6th century Hijri, and explained how he classified hadiths in his work al-Maudu‘at. Later, another scholar, Salahuddin al-Idhlibi, demonstrated similar concern for hadith matn criticism, as presented in his book Manhaj Naqd al-Matn ‘Inda ‘Ulama al-Hadis al-Nabawi. Both scholars agreed on rejecting hadith matn that contradicts the Qur’anic texts and stronger hadiths, and both employed reason as one of the instruments of criticism. On the other hand, Ibn al-Jauzi also incorporated Ushul Syar‘iyyah in his criticism, while al-Idhlibi emphasized the necessity of criteria consistent with prophetic speech.