MODEL EDUKASI FIQH LINGKUNGAN UNTUK KONSUMSI PANGAN BERKELANJUTAN DI PESANTREN : SEBUTIR NASI YANG TERBUANG, SEBUAH DOSA YANG TERLUPAKAN

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Persoalan sisa makanan di pesantren mencerminkan kesenjangan antara larangan israf dalam ajaran Islam dan realitas konsumsi pangan santri, sementara edukasi lingkungan pesantren selama ini masih berfokus pada sampah anorganik dan belum menyasar perilaku konsumsi pangan berbasis nilai fiqh. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan model edukasi fiqh lingkungan untuk mengisi kekosongan tersebut, menggunakan pendekatan Research and Development (R&D) yang diadaptasi hingga tahap analisis kebutuhan, perancangan model, dan validasi ahli, dengan subjek santri, guru/ustadz-ustadzah, dan pengelola dapur di MI plus Pondok Pesantren Ibnu Atha'illah. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan triangulasi. Hasil analisis kebutuhan menunjukkan bahwa sisa makanan konsisten teramati pada hampir setiap waktu makan; sebagian merupakan kelebihan penyediaan akibat faktor eksternal seperti kantin dan titipan makanan orang tua, namun mubazir yang nyata tetap ditemukan pada kebiasaan makan santri usia dini yang membiarkan makanan terbuang tanpa dipungut kembali, mengindikasikan kesenjangan antara pengetahuan normatif dan praktik. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dirumuskan model edukasi fiqh lingkungan berisi lima komponen (tujuan, materi, metode, media, evaluasi) untuk menguatkan nilai israf dan amanah pangan. Model divalidasi oleh tiga ahli (dosen Pendidikan Agama Islam, ketua kurikulum pondok pesantren, dan pengajar fiqh) menggunakan teknik Content Validity Ratio, dengan hasil seluruh komponen model memperoleh nilai CVR 1,00 (valid). Uji coba lapangan dan diseminasi model direkomendasikan untuk penelitian lanjutan.

Kata kunci: edukasi pesantren; fiqh lingkungan; israf; konsumsi pangan berkelanjutan;model edukasi.

Abstract (English)

The issue of food waste in pesantren reflects a gap between the Islamic prohibition of israf and the daily reality of santri's food consumption, while environmental education in pesantren has mainly focused on inorganic waste, not yet addressing food consumption behavior based on fiqh values. This study aims to develop an environmental fiqh education model to address this gap, using a Research and Development (R&D) approach limited to the needs analysis, model design, and expert validation stages, involving santri, teachers, and kitchen staff at MI Pondok Pesantren Ibnu Atha'illah as subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed qualitatively through source and technique triangulation. The findings show leftover food occurring at nearly every mealtime; part stems from external factors such as on-site canteens and food brought by parents, yet genuine wastefulness (mubazir) persists in young santri's habit of leaving fallen food unretrieved, indicating a gap between normative knowledge and actual practice. Based on these findings, an environmental fiqh education model was developed comprising five components (objectives, materials, methods, media, and evaluation) to strengthen the values of israf and food amanah. The model was validated by three experts, an Islamic education lecturer, a pesantren curriculum coordinator, and a fiqh instructor, using the Content Validity Ratio technique, with all components obtaining a CVR of 1.00. Field testing and dissemination of the model are recommended for further research.

Keywords: educational model; environmental fiqh; israf; pesantren education; sustainable food consumption.