<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="sort-only" default-locale="en-GB">
  <info>
    <title>University of Bath - Harvard</title>
    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/harvard-university-of-bath</id>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/harvard-university-of-bath" rel="self"/>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/harvard-bournemouth-university" rel="template"/>
    <link href="https://library.bath.ac.uk/referencing/harvard-bath" rel="documentation"/>
    <link href="https://github.com/alex-ball/bathbib/" rel="documentation"/>
    <author>
      <name>Alex Ball</name>
      <email>ab318@bath.ac.uk</email>
    </author>
    <contributor>
      <name>Rob Fuller</name>
      <email>rob.fuller1@gmail.com</email>
    </contributor>
    <contributor>
      <name>Patrick O'Brien</name>
    </contributor>
    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
    <summary>Adaptation of Harvard referencing style used at the University of Bath.</summary>
    <updated>2025-04-01T09:39:05+01:00</updated>
    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
  </info>
  <locale xml:lang="en">
    <terms>
      <term name="available at">available from</term>
      <term name="chapter" form="short">
        <single>c.</single>
        <multiple>cc.</multiple>
      </term>
      <term name="editor" form="short">
        <single>ed.</single>
        <multiple>eds</multiple>
      </term>
      <term name="number" form="long">number</term>
      <term name="number" form="short">no.</term>
      <term name="translator" form="short">trans.</term>
      <term name="version" form="short">v.</term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <macro name="access">
    <choose>
      <if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
        <text term="available at" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=": "/>
        <choose>
          <if variable="DOI">
            <text variable="DOI" prefix="https://doi.org/"/>
          </if>
          <else-if variable="URL">
            <text variable="URL"/>
          </else-if>
          <else>
            <text variable="archive"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
        <group prefix=" [" suffix="]">
          <text term="accessed" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
          <date variable="accessed">
            <date-part name="day" suffix=" "/>
            <date-part name="month" suffix=" "/>
            <date-part name="year"/>
          </date>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="archive">
    <choose>
      <if variable="archive">
        <choose>
          <if type="graphic manuscript map pamphlet" match="any">
            <group delimiter=". ">
              <group delimiter=", ">
                <text variable="archive_collection"/>
                <text variable="archive_location"/>
              </group>
              <group delimiter=", ">
                <text variable="archive"/>
                <text variable="archive-place"/>
              </group>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else-if type="broadcast motion_picture song" match="any"/>
          <else-if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper" match="any">
            <choose>
              <if variable="container-title" match="none">
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <text variable="archive" font-style="italic"/>
                  <text macro="online"/>
                </group>
              </if>
            </choose>
          </else-if>
          <else>
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <text variable="archive" font-style="italic"/>
              <choose>
                <if type="article bill report standard webpage" match="any">
                  <text macro="online"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </group>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="author">
    <names variable="author">
      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with="." name-as-sort-order="all"/>
      <substitute>
        <choose>
          <if type="entry" variable="title container-title">
            <text variable="container-title"/>
          </if>
          <else-if variable="editor">
            <names variable="editor">
              <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with="." name-as-sort-order="all"/>
              <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="lowercase"/>
            </names>
          </else-if>
          <else>
            <text macro="title-label"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </substitute>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="author-short">
    <names variable="author">
      <name form="short" and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with="."/>
      <substitute>
        <choose>
          <if type="entry"/>
          <else>
            <names variable="editor"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
        <text macro="title-short"/>
      </substitute>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="broadcast">
    <group delimiter=". ">
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <group delimiter=", ">
          <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
          <text variable="number" font-style="italic"/>
        </group>
        <text macro="online"/>
      </group>
      <text variable="genre"/>
      <group delimiter=", ">
        <text variable="publisher"/>
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="day" suffix=" "/>
          <date-part name="month"/>
        </date>
      </group>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="case-law">
    <choose>
      <if variable="number">
        <choose>
          <if variable="authority">
            <group delimiter=". ">
              <group delimiter=", ">
                <text macro="author"/>
                <text macro="year-date"/>
              </group>
              <text macro="title"/>
              <group delimiter=", ">
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <text variable="authority"/>
                  <text variable="division" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
                </group>
                <text variable="number"/>
              </group>
              <text macro="journal"/>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <group suffix="." delimiter=" ">
              <text macro="author"/>
              <text variable="number" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
              <text macro="year-date" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
              <text macro="title"/>
              <choose>
                <if variable="container-title">
                  <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
                  <group>
                    <text variable="collection-title"/>
                    <group delimiter="/">
                      <text variable="volume"/>
                      <text variable="page"/>
                    </group>
                  </group>
                </if>
                <else>
                  <text variable="collection-title"/>
                  <group delimiter="&#8211;">
                    <text variable="volume"/>
                    <text variable="page"/>
                  </group>
                </else>
              </choose>
            </group>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
      <else>
        <group suffix="." delimiter=" ">
          <text macro="author"/>
          <choose>
            <if variable="volume">
              <text macro="year-date" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <text macro="year-date" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
            </else>
          </choose>
          <text macro="title"/>
          <text variable="volume"/>
          <text variable="collection-title"/>
          <text variable="page"/>
        </group>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="container">
    <choose>
      <if variable="container-title">
        <group delimiter=", ">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <choose>
              <if type="bill book chapter musical_score paper-conference report speech standard webpage" match="any">
                <choose>
                  <if variable="editor">
                    <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=":"/>
                    <names variable="editor">
                      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with="."/>
                      <label form="short" prefix=", " suffix="." text-case="lowercase"/>
                    </names>
                  </if>
                </choose>
              </if>
            </choose>
            <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
            <choose>
              <if type="entry" variable="title"/>
              <else>
                <text macro="online"/>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </group>
          <group>
            <text variable="volume"/>
            <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
          </group>
          <choose>
            <if type="paper-conference hearing" match="any">
              <text variable="event"/>
              <date variable="event-date" form="text"/>
              <text variable="event-place"/>
            </if>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="credits">
    <group delimiter=". ">
      <choose>
        <if type="bill book chapter musical_score paper-conference report speech standard webpage" match="any">
          <choose>
            <if variable="container-title" match="none">
              <names variable="editor">
                <label form="verb-short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
                <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with="."/>
              </names>
            </if>
          </choose>
        </if>
        <else>
          <names variable="editor">
            <label form="verb-short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
            <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with="."/>
          </names>
        </else>
      </choose>
      <names variable="composer">
        <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
        <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize="false" initialize-with="."/>
      </names>
      <names variable="director">
        <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
        <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize="false" initialize-with="."/>
      </names>
      <names variable="interviewer">
        <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
        <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize="false" initialize-with="."/>
      </names>
      <names variable="illustrator">
        <label form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
        <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize="false" initialize-with="."/>
      </names>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="edition">
    <choose>
      <if is-numeric="edition">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
          <text term="edition" form="short"/>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text variable="edition"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="journal">
    <group delimiter=", ">
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
        <choose>
          <if type="article">
            <choose>
              <if variable="archive" match="none">
                <text macro="online"/>
              </if>
            </choose>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text macro="online"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </group>
      <text macro="status"/>
      <group>
        <text variable="volume"/>
        <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
      </group>
      <choose>
        <if type="article-magazine article-newspaper" match="any">
          <date variable="issued">
            <date-part name="day" suffix=" "/>
            <date-part name="month"/>
          </date>
        </if>
      </choose>
      <group>
        <label variable="page" form="short"/>
        <text variable="page"/>
      </group>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="online">
    <choose>
      <if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
        <text term="online" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="publication">
    <choose>
      <if type="article article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper" match="any">
        <choose>
          <if variable="container-title">
            <text macro="journal"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text macro="publisher"/>
            <text macro="status"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
      <else-if type="broadcast">
        <text macro="broadcast"/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <group delimiter=". ">
          <text macro="container"/>
          <choose>
            <if type="motion_picture song" match="any">
              <choose>
                <if variable="medium">
                  <text variable="medium"/>
                </if>
                <else>
                  <text variable="genre"/>
                </else>
              </choose>
            </if>
          </choose>
          <text macro="credits"/>
          <choose>
            <if type="entry" match="none">
              <text macro="edition"/>
            </if>
          </choose>
          <choose>
            <if variable="container-title" match="none">
              <group>
                <text variable="volume"/>
                <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
              </group>
            </if>
          </choose>
          <choose>
            <if type="report bill" match="any">
              <text macro="series-genre" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
            </if>
            <else-if type="thesis patent" match="any">
              <text macro="series-genre"/>
            </else-if>
            <else>
              <text macro="series"/>
            </else>
          </choose>
          <text macro="publisher"/>
          <text macro="status"/>
        </group>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="publisher">
    <group delimiter=", ">
      <group delimiter=": ">
        <text variable="publisher-place"/>
        <text variable="publisher"/>
      </group>
      <group>
        <label variable="page" form="short"/>
        <text variable="page"/>
      </group>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="series">
    <choose>
      <if variable="collection-title">
        <text variable="collection-title"/>
        <text variable="number" prefix=", "/>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="series-genre">
    <choose>
      <if variable="collection-title genre number" match="any">
        <group delimiter=", ">
          <text variable="collection-title"/>
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="genre"/>
            <text variable="number"/>
          </group>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="status">
    <text variable="status"/>
  </macro>
  <macro name="statute-law">
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <text macro="author"/>
      <choose>
        <if variable="container-title">
          <text macro="year-date" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
        </if>
        <else>
          <text macro="year-date" font-style="italic"/>
        </else>
      </choose>
      <text macro="title"/>
      <choose>
        <if type="regulation">
          <text macro="online"/>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </group>
    <choose>
      <if variable="container-title">
        <group prefix=" " delimiter=" ">
          <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
          <group>
            <text variable="collection-title"/>
            <group delimiter="/">
              <number variable="volume"/>
              <text variable="page"/>
            </group>
          </group>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else>
        <choose>
          <if variable="collection-title">
            <group prefix=" (" suffix=")" delimiter=", ">
              <text variable="collection-title"/>
              <group>
                <text term="chapter" form="short"/>
                <number variable="chapter-number"/>
              </group>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <group prefix=", ">
              <text term="chapter" form="short"/>
              <number variable="chapter-number"/>
            </group>
          </else>
        </choose>
        <choose>
          <if variable="number">
            <group prefix=", " delimiter=", ">
              <group>
                <text term="number" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                <number variable="number"/>
              </group>
              <text macro="publisher"/>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text prefix=". " macro="publisher"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title">
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <choose>
        <if type="entry">
          <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
        </if>
        <else>
          <choose>
            <if type="bill book dataset graphic legal_case map motion_picture musical_score patent report software song speech standard webpage thesis" match="any">
              <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <choose>
                <if variable="container-title">
                  <text variable="title"/>
                </if>
                <else>
                  <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
                </else>
              </choose>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </else>
      </choose>
      <text variable="original-title" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
      <group prefix="(" suffix=")">
        <text term="version" form="short"/>
        <text variable="version"/>
      </group>
      <choose>
        <if type="bill broadcast graphic motion_picture patent report song standard thesis" match="any">
          <choose>
            <if type="graphic song" match="any">
              <choose>
                <if variable="medium">
                  <text variable="medium" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                </if>
                <else-if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
                  <text term="online" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                </else-if>
              </choose>
            </if>
            <else-if type="motion_picture" match="any">
              <choose>
                <if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
                  <text term="online" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </else-if>
            <else-if variable="archive" match="none">
              <choose>
                <if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
                  <text term="online" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </else-if>
          </choose>
        </if>
        <else-if type="regulation"/>
        <else-if type="entry" variable="title">
          <choose>
            <if variable="genre">
              <text variable="genre" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <choose>
                <if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
                  <text term="online" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </else-if>
        <else-if type="article article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper" match="any">
          <choose>
            <if variable="genre">
              <text variable="genre" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <choose>
                <if variable="container-title archive" match="none">
                  <choose>
                    <if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
                      <text term="online" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                    </if>
                  </choose>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </else-if>
        <else-if variable="container-title" match="none">
          <choose>
            <if variable="genre">
              <text variable="genre" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <choose>
                <if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
                  <text term="online" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </else-if>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title-block">
    <choose>
      <if type="entry">
        <group delimiter=". ">
          <text macro="edition"/>
          <text macro="title"/>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else-if type="graphic map" match="any">
        <group delimiter=", ">
          <text macro="title"/>
          <text variable="scale"/>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="book motion_picture musical_score song speech" match="any">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <text macro="title"/>
          <text macro="translator"/>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="post">
        <choose>
          <if variable="container-title" match="none">
            <group delimiter=", ">
              <text macro="title"/>
              <date variable="issued">
                <date-part name="day" suffix=" "/>
                <date-part name="month"/>
              </date>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text macro="title"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text macro="title"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title-label">
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <choose>
        <if type="book broadcast" match="any">
          <text variable="title"/>
        </if>
        <else>
          <choose>
            <if type="bill dataset graphic legal_case map motion_picture musical_score patent report software song speech standard webpage thesis" match="any">
              <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <choose>
                <if variable="container-title">
                  <text variable="title"/>
                </if>
                <else>
                  <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
                </else>
              </choose>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </else>
      </choose>
      <text variable="original-title" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
      <group prefix="(" suffix=")">
        <text term="version" form="short"/>
        <text variable="version"/>
      </group>
      <choose>
        <if type="bill broadcast graphic motion_picture patent report song standard thesis" match="any">
          <choose>
            <if type="graphic song" match="any">
              <choose>
                <if variable="medium">
                  <text variable="medium" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                </if>
                <else-if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
                  <text term="online" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                </else-if>
              </choose>
            </if>
            <else-if type="motion_picture" match="any">
              <choose>
                <if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
                  <text term="online" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </else-if>
            <else-if variable="archive" match="none">
              <choose>
                <if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
                  <text term="online" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </else-if>
          </choose>
        </if>
        <else-if type="regulation"/>
        <else-if variable="container-title" match="none">
          <choose>
            <if variable="genre">
              <text variable="genre" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
            </if>
            <else-if variable="container-title" match="none">
              <choose>
                <if variable="URL DOI accessed" match="any">
                  <text term="online" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix="[" suffix="]"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </else-if>
          </choose>
        </else-if>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title-short">
    <choose>
      <if type="entry" variable="title container-title">
        <text variable="container-title" form="short"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="bill dataset entry graphic legal_case map motion_picture musical_score patent report software song speech standard webpage thesis" match="any">
        <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="legislation pamphlet post regulation" match="any">
        <choose>
          <if variable="container-title">
            <text variable="title" form="short"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text variable="title" form="short"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="translator">
    <names variable="translator" prefix="(" suffix=")">
      <name and="text" delimiter-precedes-last="never" initialize-with="."/>
      <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="year">
    <choose>
      <if variable="issued">
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="year"/>
        </date>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text term="no date" form="short"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="year-date">
    <choose>
      <if variable="issued">
        <choose>
          <if type="post">
            <choose>
              <if variable="container-title">
                <date variable="issued">
                  <date-part name="day" suffix=" "/>
                  <date-part name="month" suffix=" "/>
                  <date-part name="year"/>
                </date>
              </if>
              <else>
                <date variable="issued">
                  <date-part name="year"/>
                </date>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </if>
          <else>
            <date variable="issued">
              <date-part name="year"/>
            </date>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text term="no date" form="short"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <citation et-al-min="4" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" collapse="year">
    <sort>
      <key variable="issued"/>
      <key variable="author"/>
    </sort>
    <layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
      <group delimiter=", ">
        <text macro="author-short"/>
        <text macro="year"/>
        <group>
          <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
          <text variable="locator"/>
        </group>
      </group>
    </layout>
  </citation>
  <bibliography entry-spacing="1" hanging-indent="false">
    <sort>
      <key macro="author"/>
      <key variable="issued"/>
      <key variable="title"/>
    </sort>
    <layout>
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <choose>
          <if type="legislation regulation" match="any">
            <text macro="statute-law" suffix="."/>
          </if>
          <else-if type="legal_case">
            <text macro="case-law" suffix="."/>
          </else-if>
          <else>
            <group delimiter=". " suffix=".">
              <group delimiter=", ">
                <text macro="author"/>
                <text macro="year-date"/>
              </group>
              <text macro="title-block"/>
              <text macro="publication"/>
              <text macro="archive"/>
            </group>
          </else>
        </choose>
        <group delimiter=". " suffix=".">
          <text variable="annote"/>
          <text macro="access"/>
        </group>
      </group>
    </layout>
  </bibliography>
</style>
